译海拾贝 >> 英语 >> 其他···
   

新闻热词0701

18.“同母异父兄弟”怎么说
伊拉克检察官穆奇克·法龙透露,在萨达姆被处绞刑两周零两天之后,其同母异父的弟弟和伊拉克革命法庭前庭长于1月15日太阳升起之前被绞死。

请看外电相关报道:Saddam Hussein's half brother and the former head of Iraq's Revolutionary Court were both hanged before dawn Monday, Prosecutor Munqith al-Faroon said, two weeks and two days after the former Iraqi dictator was executed in a chaotic scene that has drawn worldwide criticism.

Barzan Ibrahim, Saddam's half brother and former intelligence chief had been found guilty along with Saddam in the killing of 148 Shiite Muslims.

报道中的“half brother”指的是“同母异父兄弟”。在其它情况下,依据上下文情况,“half brother”除表示“同母异父兄弟”,也可用来形容“同父异母兄弟”。

相应的,词缀“half-”还可和不同的词连用,如:half-sister(异父或异母姐妹);half-blood(同父异母者,同母异父者);halfcaste(混血儿,欧亚混血儿);half-breed(杂种,混血儿,常指黑人与白人的后代)。

英语中表示人际关系的词汇比汉语简单得多。一个表示亲属的英语单词往往有几个相对应的中文表达,如:grandmother可以是“祖母、外祖母”;cousin可以是“堂兄弟、表兄弟、堂姐妹、表姐妹”;汉语中的“叔叔、伯父、舅父、姑丈、姨丈”等在英语中都可以叫uncle。

此外,表示家庭成员关系的前后缀有:grand-,great-,half-,foster-,ex-,step-,-in-1aw等。

17.一夜情,露水之欢
请看《中国日报》相关报道:High school students in Beijing are far more promiscuous than their teachers or parents think, according to a survey conducted in a city district.

More than half of those polled said there was nothing wrong with a one-night stand; and 6.2 percent admitted they already had a sexual encounter, according to the results released recently.

报道中的“one-night stand”就是“一夜情”,或者“露水之欢”。该短语常用来比喻“结合”并非为求天长地久,通常是双方在不十分了解的前提下的“性行为”,当事人也不用为对方负责。

“One-night stand”原指巡回演出剧团在某地“一夜的驻留”,“stand”本意指“停留演出,停留演出剧场”,如:to open a four-week stand(为期4周的停留演出)。随着时间的推移,俚语中常用“one-night stand”来比喻随风而逝的“爱”。

看下面一个例句:I am hoping for a lasting relation, not just one-night stand.(我希望拥有持久的关系,而不是一夜情。)


16. “客流量”怎么说
2007年全国铁路春运方案显示,在2月3日至3月14日的40天春运里,预计铁路将发送旅客1.56亿人次,较去年增长4.3%,客流高峰将超过历年春运。

看《中国日报》相关报道:According to the ministry, a daily average of 3.88 million passengers will travel over the railways during the 40-day 'chunyun' period from February 3 to March 14, 2007, which will see a total passenger flow of 156 million, up 4.3 percent from the previous year.

报道中的“passenger flow”就是“客流量”。“Flow”在此指“the amount that flows in a given period of time”(一定时期内的流量),相应的,“passenger flow”指“一定时间内乘车的旅客”。

此外,与flow(流量)相搭配的词组如:traffic flow(车流量)、a daily flow of 1000 gallons(1000加仑的日流量)。而我们常说的“春运”,可表达为“transport during the Spring Festival”。

再看个有关flow(流量、产量)的例句:Oil flow of the well is 500 barrels a day.(这口油井的产量为每天500桶。)


15.“降级冥王星” 年度词汇拔头筹
很难给语言下个准确的定义,但有一点可以肯定,语言不是一成不变的教科书。新年伊始,美国方言学会选定“plutoed”(由“冥王星降级”,引申为“被贬、被降级”)为美国2006年度词汇。

看外电相关报道:"Plutoed" was chosen 2006's Word of the Year by the American Dialect Society at its annual meeting Friday.

To "pluto" is "to demote or devalue someone or something," much like what happened to the former planet last year when the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union decided Pluto didn't meet its definition of a planet.

报道指出,冥王星因在国际天文学协会大会上被认为不符合行星标准而遭降级,名词“Pluto”(冥王星)由此被语言学家赋予了动词涵义“降级、贬值”。相应的,Pluto(降级、贬值)的过去分词形式“Plutoed”则用来形容“被贬、被降级”。

看来,有失亦有得。冥王星虽在天文学界遭“降级”,却不想“因祸得福”,赢得了语言学一席之地。


14.“福利彩票”怎么说
法国人曾这么描述“福利彩票”:政府发行彩票是向公众推销机会和希望,公众认购彩票则是微笑纳税。据悉,去年中国福利彩票共销售约495亿多元人民币,筹集福彩公益金170多亿元。其中,公益金除部分上缴国家财政外,全部用于社会福利事业。

请看《中国日报》相关报道:The sale of China Welfare Lottery, the only national lottery approved by the Chinese government, hit a record high of 49.5 billion yuan (6.2 billion U.S. dollars) in 2006, up 20 percent from the previous year

Half of the money has been turned over to the coffer of the central government. The remaining funds were used for social welfare purposes.

由报道可知,“福利彩票”可用“welfare lottery”来表达,其主要用于国家的“charitable causes”(慈善事业)。

“Welfare”侧重指“(社会的)福祉、(家庭的)安康”,表示“福利”时,尤指“政府的援助”,如:welfare services(福利机构);welfare benefits(福利救济金)。

此外,报道中的“coffer”指的是“国库”,而我们常说的“中头彩”可用“hit the jackpot”来表达。


13. 关注!(日美)应变计划
新年伊始,日本自卫队调整军事部署,就台湾海峡发生“事态”时,与美国做出共同应对计划达成一致。有专家分析,这种双方的行动可能是想遏制中国在东亚地区的崛起。

请看《中国日报》相关报道:A US-Japanese plan to deal with a possible military conflict across the Taiwan Straits has caused "grave concern" in Beijing.

Washington and Tokyo will discuss a contingency plan in case of a "crisis" situation arising in areas around Japan, including the Taiwan Straits, Kyodo News Agency reported yesterday.

报道中的“contingency plan”,就是“(针对突发事件的)应变计划、应急计划”。这里简要谈谈“contingency”的用法。

“Contingency”常用来指“偶发事件、意外情况”,比如,我们汉语中的“未雨绸缪”就可表达为“to provide for future contingency”。与emergency(紧急情况)相比,contingency更侧重指“a future emergency”(未来的紧急事件、异常情况或意外)。

相应的,与contingency搭配的常用短语如:contingency fund(应急费用)、contingency measure(应急措施)、contingency reserves(应急储备金)、contingency plan(应急计划)。

此外,contingency(意外情况)的语义范围还可进一步扩大,指“可能发生的附带情况”,如contingency charge(附带费用)、contingency clause(附带条款)。

看下面一个例句:We should draw up a realistic contingency plan for meeting another energy crisis.(为应对另一场能源危机,我们应制订一个现实可行的应变计划。)


12. “特写照”怎么说
请看外电相关报道:Akie Abe, Japan's first lady, posted a picture of a Christmas tree decorated with ornaments and a close-up photo of a golden bulb with a painting of the White House, the gift from Laura Bush, on her first Christmas at the prime minister's official residence.

报道中的“close-up photo”就是我们常说的“特写照”,有时也可单独写做“close-up”。此外,电影中的“特写镜头”也可用close-up来表示。

看下面一个例句:A close-up lens is ideal for take close-up picture. (近摄镜用来拍特写照片最理想。)

11.萨达姆被执行“绞刑”
12月30日,各大媒体最炙手可热的词汇是什么?当然是伊拉克前总统萨达姆的“绞刑”处决。据伊拉克电视台报道,伊拉克当地时间今天凌晨快6点、北京时间上午11点,伊拉克前总统萨达姆在巴格达被执行了绞刑。

请看外电相关报道:US-backed Iraqi television station Al Hurra said Saddam Hussein had been executed by hanging shortly before 6 a.m. (0300 GMT) on Saturday.

The former Iraqi president ousted in April 2003 by a US-led invasion was convicted in November of crimes against humanity over the killings of 148 Shi'ite villagers from Dujail after a failed assassination bid in 1982.

对于“hang”(绞刑),我们并不陌生。值得注意的是,hang的过去式和过去分词有规则和不规则变化之分。表示“悬挂”时,其过去式、过去分词均为“hung”;表示“绞刑”时,其过去式、过去分词则为“hanged”。

由“hang”,我们顺便谈几个与“绞刑/死刑”相关的词汇。首先,gallows原意是“绞架”,可引申为“绞刑”,所以,一定语境下,如看到“sb. went to the gallows/sb. was taken to the gallows”也表示“某人被执行了绞刑”。

此外,“死刑”可表示为“death penalty /execution”,与“death penalty”相比,execution更侧重于“执行”(死刑)。另外,capital做形容词,可表示“死刑的”,如:capital offence(死罪)/capital punishment(死刑)。

10.“续约”怎么说
年末临近,如果劳动合同到期,您得面临一大选择 —— 是愿与公司续约还是另谋高就?如何用英语表达“续约”?请看一段有关小贝抉择皇马的相关新闻。

Real Madrid is waiting for an answer from David Beckham, to its offer of a contract extension until June 2009, local media reported Wednesday.

Beckham's present Real contract expires in June 2007. Therefore, according to FIFA rules, if he decides not to extend it, he may negotiate with other clubs from 1 January on.

报道说,贝克汉姆与皇马俱乐部的合同于明年6月到期。因此,皇马俱乐部向贝克汉姆开出了一份期限至2009年6月的续约合同,目前正在等待他的答复。

由报道可知,“续约”相应的英文表达是“contract extension”。当然,由该词组,我们也可得到“续约”相应的动词词组 —— to extend contract。

与expand(广度的扩展)相比,extend更侧重于长度的延伸,常用来形容“延长时间”,如:They extended their visit by a day(他们又把访问时间延长了一天)。

此外,报道中的“Contract expires”指的是“合同到期”。


9.日前,扬子鳄佳肴在黄山市徽府美食城“闪亮”登场,这是首家获国家林业局批准的扬子鳄可限量定点经营店。据悉,扬子鳄以“食材”身份出现的特许经营连锁店,目前在全国有三家。

A waitress displays gourmet Chinese alligator at a restaurant in Huangshan, East China's Anhui Province on November 27, 2006. China has three franchised eateries that serve Chinese alligator, which is at the top of the list of protected animals in China.

报道中的“franchised eateries”指的是“特许经营餐馆”。与一般的chain store(连锁商店)相比,“franchise”更强调“特许经营”,比如遍布全球的麦当劳、肯德基,就是地地道道的“franchise(s)”。

此外,在体育术语中,“franchise”可用来形容“职业球队”,如:Michael Jordan, widely described as the greatest basketball player of all time, has no desire to move into coaching and would rather own an NBA franchise. (史上最伟大的篮球队员迈克尔?乔丹并不打算做教练,他的目标是拥有一个NBA旗下的职业篮球队。)


8.“连环凶杀案”怎么说
年轻妓女、水中的裸尸、神秘的连环杀手……英国萨福克郡近日被红灯区的妓女连环凶杀案搞得人心惶惶。警方日前宣布,他们已拘留了该案嫌犯。虽然涉案嫌疑人找不出案发时自己不在场的证据,但他却一口咬定自己无罪。

请看外电相关报道:British police arrested a 37-year-old man suspected of murdering five prostitutes in a high-profile serial-killer case that has gripped the nation.

At the weekend, the suspect gave a newspaper interview in which he insisted he was innocent but admitted being unable to explain where he was at the times of the killings.

显然,报道中的“serial-killer case”指的是“连环凶杀案”,相应的,“serial killer”就是“连环杀手”。

“Serial”常用来形容“一连串的、一系列的”,如:a serial story(分期连载的故事);be placed in serial order(依次放置)。

“Serial”做名词时,可以指“连续剧、连载小说”,如:radio serial(广播连续剧),再看个例句:Several magazines have bid for the serial rights of my novel.(几家杂志竞相出价想获得我的小说的连载权。)


7.后续服务,跟踪报道
谁都知道:大宗交易,“后续服务”举足轻重;重大新闻,“跟踪报道”不可或缺;医护人员,“随访病人”势在必行。如何表达如上“后续行动”?词组follow-up可以告诉您答案。

请看《中国日报》一段关于"后续服务"的相关报道:GE Aviation will provide engines and maintenance services worth US$550 million to Shanghai Airlines.

The engines are for nine Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft ordered by the airline. The engines are valued at US$300 million and the additional follow-up service contract is worth US$250 million.

报道说:上海航空公司和美国通用航空集团签订了总价值5.5亿美元的购买合同,包括订购价值3亿美元的飞机引擎和一份价值2.5亿美元的后续服务合约。此次上航购买的飞机引擎将用于上航不久前订购的9架波音787“梦想”飞机上。

报道中的“follow-up service”就是后续服务,有时也可单独写作“follow-up”。显然,“follow-up”源于动词词组“follow up”(对…采取进一步的行动),指对前一行动实施的加强、补充或巩固措施。

就销售业而言,“follow-up(service)”可以用来指代“after-sale service”(售后服务)。不过,就一般意义而言,前者的语义范围要比后者宽。

除了表示“后续服务”,follow-up还可指对重大事件的“跟踪报道”、对重要新闻的“丛属报道”(即我们常说的“花边新闻”或“花絮”),如:It was a follow-up on the coal-mine issue I had reported before.(这是我对煤窑事件的一篇追踪报道。)

此外,follow-up还可用来形容对出院病人的“随访”。



6.“年度人物”怎么说
时值年末,各种各样的年度人物评选纷纷出炉。“年度人物”如何用英文表达?请看外电一段有关《时代》周刊“2006年年度人物”的相关报道:

"You" were named Time magazine "Person of the Year" on Saturday for the explosive growth and influence of user-generated Internet content such as blogs, video-file sharing site YouTube and social network MySpace.

由报道可知,《时代》2006年度人物的主角是“你” —— 我们中的每一位网民,而“年度人物”相应的英文表达则是“Person of the Year”。

“Of the Year”是固定搭配,指“本年度最杰出的”,如: Officer of the Year(年度最佳警官)、Film of the Year 2005(2005年度最佳电影)。

当然,如果“年度人物”或“年度电影”不是一个(部),“of the Year”前的名词则以复数形式出现,比如,2005年,世界首富比尔?盖茨夫妇和爱尔兰U2乐队主唱波诺曾被《时代》共同评为“Persons of the Year”。


5.娱乐圈的“潜规则”
如若竞争年度关键字,因张钰事件而沸沸扬扬的的“潜规则”必将榜上有名。“潜规则”事实上是娱乐圈内心知肚明却又从不愿被捅破的大忌。娱乐圈的“潜规则”如何用英语来表达?请看外电一段相关报答:

The aspiring actress Zhang Yu decided to choose the Internet to blow the whistle on some of China's top TV and filmmakers -- those who have demanded sex in return for roles in their soap operas and movies.

Zhang made films herself by releasing 20 graphic sex videos of her and a host of big names. The videos expose how China's casting couch works. It prompts a debate over what is justifiable content on the Web.

就汉语而言,娱乐圈的“潜规则”属于措词模糊的委婉语。实质上,说白了,它就是演员与导演之间上床与分派角色的交换。

外电中的“casting couch”与娱乐圈内的“潜规则”如出一辙,指的是“为求上镜,演员(被迫)与导演之间性交换”。就字面来看,casting指“(导演)选择演员”,couch指“(试镜室内)的躺椅”。由此,“casting couch”的意义再明显不过:如要上镜,须得到躺椅上以身相报。

广义而言,“casting couch”(以性为交易的潜规则)不仅仅局限于娱乐业,它可以指任何行业里,求职者为谋求机会与聘用者之间的性交换。

此外,汉语里还有非以“性”为外延意义的“潜规则”,比如,有些医生违背职业道德向病人收取红包,此时,“潜规则”可用泛化词汇“hidden rules”来表达。


4. “低保制度”怎么说
“老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。” 孟子倡导的“仁爱”精神,是中华文化的根本。2006年岁末,中国政府一“仁政”举措是 —— 明年将在全国范围内建立农村最低生活保障制度。这也是维护最广大人民群众利益的最直接的体现。

请看《中国日报》相关报道:For the first time the country's entire rural residents living in abject poverty can expect the State to cover their subsistence allowances, thanks to the government's latest move to narrow the disparities between cities and rural areas.

由报道可知,“subsistence allowance”指的是“最低生活保障”,即我们常说的“低保”。相应地,“低保制度”就是“subsistence allowance system”。

“Subsistence”源于动词“subsist”,指“维持生计”、“(勉强)度日”,如to subsist on charity(靠人施舍维持生计)、to subsist by begging(靠乞讨度日)。

“Allowance”在短语中表示“津贴”、“补助”,如housing allowance(房补)、education allowance(教育津贴)、a travel allowance that covers hotel and restaurant bills(包括食宿费用的旅行补贴)。

此外,“allowance”还常用来形容“零花钱”,如Each child has an allowance.(每个孩子都有零用钱。)


3. “养父母”怎么说
影星安吉丽娜?茱丽善行可嘉,爱领养孩子早已成为好莱坞佳话。日前,茱丽在接受采访时表示,其实养父母比亲生父母更适合带孩子,原因是,养父母在领养孩子之前,需经过一系列严格的审查,而亲生父母不管个人情况合不合适,孩子生下了就得抚养。

请看外电相关报道:Angelina Jolie insists adoptive parents are more fit to raise a child than biological parents, because their background and personality is thoroughly scrutinized to see if they're suitable for the challenge.

The Girl, Interrupted actress was put through stringent tests before being granted permission to adopt Maddox, 5, and Zahara, 1.

报道中的“adoptive parents”就是“养父母”。“Adoptive”源于动词adopt(收养),相应地,我们可由“adoptive”衍生出一系列相关表达:adoptive son(养子)、adoptive father(养父)、adoptive mother(养母)。

此外,报道中的biological与adoptive相对,指的是“有血缘关系的”,因此,biological parents指的就是“生身父母”。另外,生身父母还可用“birth parents”来表示。


2. “产前检查”怎么说
据报道,香港医院管理局为减少内地孕妇赴港产子的数量,拟设立分级收费制度,所有未接受产前检查的内地孕妇,分娩费将大增逾一倍至五万元。

The Hospital Authority (HA) will double fees for mainland mothers giving birth in Hong Kong.

The authority encouraged expecting mothers from the mainland to have pre-natal examinations prior to coming to Hong Kong. Those who fail to do so will be subject to a surcharge of HK$9,000 (US$1,153).

报道中的“pre-natal examination”指的是“产前检查”。“Natal”表示“出生的,分娩的”,相当于“birth”,如:one's natal day(生日);one's natal place(出生地);one's natal and acquired faculties(先天和后天的能力)。

相应的,natal前加前缀pre-则表示“产前的”,我们也可由它得到其它相关短语,如:pre-natal care(产前护理); post-natal depression(产后抑郁症)。


1. “学杂费”怎么说
教育是一个民族的希望,孩子是一个国家的未来。新修订的《义务教育法》将免收学杂费作为一项重要原则,惠及的不仅仅是学生的家长。据报道:自2007年春季起,全国农村近1.5亿名中小学生的学杂费将被全部免收。

请看《中国日报》相关报道:A total of 150 million rural students in China will be exempted from paying tuition and incidental fees for their nine-year compulsory education when the second phase of the programme is implemented in the spring semester of 2007.

显然,日常所说的“学杂费”可表达为“tuition and incidental fees”。在教育词汇中,tuition常用来指“学费”。与“tuition”相比,“fee”涵盖的语义范围要宽,可以指“各类特定费用”或者“业务报酬”,如:“license fee”(执照费)、“surgeon's fee”(诊费)。

在该短语中,“incidental”指“非主要的、偶发的”,单独作名词也可表示“杂费”。除“incidental fees”外,杂费也可表示为“incidental expenses”或“incidental charges”。

此外,在财务报表中,杂费更常用“miscellaneous expense”来表示。
作者:transwood 来源:未知 发布时间:2007-01-16 类型:转载
   
 
译海拾贝信息搜索>
  
快速通道

 
相关文章
  • 新闻热词0701
  • 来自各行各业的英语谚语
  • 我们生活中的经典英文广告词
  • 如何用英文表达你想要的薪水数目?
  • 怎样用英语讨价还价
  • 中国翻译服务国家标准
  • 商店说法集锦
  • 25条必须知道的网络缩略语
  • 工资薪酬译法
  • 英语“年龄”表示法
  • 查看所有评论
    发 表 评 论
    用户: 隐藏IP地址: 匿名
    校验码:

    我站部分文章为网友自行添加,未能联系上原作者,如有版权问题,请告知我们,我们将立即删除! 查看联系方式
     
       
    随你译 | LiveInChina | StarDict | 星际译王 | 同传网
    Copyright © 2009 译心译意网 - All rights reserved.